Electric vehicles, or EVs (Electric Vehicles), are vehicles that use electric power either completely or partially (relatively) in the motor.

Electric vehicles have lower costs because they have fewer moving parts that require maintenance. They are also very environmentally friendly, as they use less or no fossil fuels (gasoline or diesel). Although in the past most electric vehicles used lead-acid or nickel-metal hydride batteries, today's electric vehicle standard is lithium-ion batteries. These batteries have a longer lifespan, perform excellently in energy storage, and self-discharge at a rate of only 5% per month.

Despite the improvement in efficiency, there are still challenges regarding these batteries as they can experience thermal runaway. Although efforts have been made to enhance the safety of these batteries, incidents like fires or explosions have occurred, for example in the Tesla Model S electric car.

There are two main types of electric vehicles: Battery Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

Below, we will briefly explain each of these vehicles.

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Battery Electric Vehicles

Compared to hybrid vehicles that have both an internal combustion engine and a battery, Battery Electric Vehicles have almost 99% fewer moving parts that require repair and maintenance.

Advantages of Battery Electric Vehicles:

- They create very little noise

- They do not have exhaust pipes, spark plugs, clutches, or gearboxes

- They do not burn fossil fuels, but use rechargeable batteries

Battery Electric Vehicles can be charged overnight at home and provide enough power for medium-distance trips. However, on longer trips or journeys with steep inclines, fuel cells may need recharging before reaching the destination. Regenerative braking or coasting can help reduce the intensity of this issue with battery pack charging.

The typical charging time for Battery Electric Vehicles can vary from 30 minutes to over 12 hours. This duration depends on the charging station speed and battery capacity.

In the real world, limited range is one of the biggest concerns for Battery Electric Vehicles, but fortunately, this issue has been addressed by the industry.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles offer a combination of battery power and gasoline (or diesel) instead of relying solely on an electric motor. This setup allows them to cover longer distances for longer trips compared to Battery Electric Vehicles. Wherever the battery charge runs out, the user can use traditional fuels and is not required to search for charging points.

However, the same drawbacks that apply to vehicles with internal combustion engines also apply to Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, such as the need for more maintenance, engine noise, pollution, and fuel costs. Additionally, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles have smaller battery packs, resulting in reduced travel range.

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