In the process of making bricks, after the bricks are dried, they are placed in a kiln in a way that they are spaced apart from each other, allowing air, flame, and gas to pass underneath the bricks. Generally, there are three types of brick kilns.

The types of brick kilns include: - Kiln with fixed fire and fixed bricks - Kiln with moving fire and fixed bricks - Kiln with moving bricks and fixed fire

Kiln with fixed fire and fixed bricks, or beehive kiln

This kiln consists of a short and wide beehive where the bricks are placed and fired. The flame, inside air, and smoke rise above the arranged bricks in the kiln, causing the bricks to be baked.

The operation of the beehive kiln is not continuous, and a lot of energy is wasted in it because after the bricks are baked and turned into bricks, the top of the kiln is opened, and they wait for the bricks inside the kiln to cool down.

Due to the fact that the heat inside the beehive kiln increases significantly from top to bottom, the type of bricks baked at different levels of the kiln varies. From the bottom of the kiln to the top, bricks are obtained in the following order: boiled, brick boiled, green brick, well-baked brick, white brick, glazed brick, red brick, and half-baked brick. If the top part of the kiln is shaped like a mushroom and covered with a lid in a way that the kiln gas does not escape from the top and is drawn out through the holes near the kiln floor by a flue or air draft, the hot gas provides heat to the arranged bricks in the kiln, ensuring that the heat of the kiln gas is not wasted and the type of bricks becomes uniform.

Kiln with moving fire and fixed bricks (Hoffman kiln)

The operation of this kiln is continuous, and very little heat is wasted. This kiln was built by a Berliner named Friedrich Hoffmann and is therefore called by this name. Because this kiln was made in a ring shape, it was called the Hoffman ring kiln.

These kilns were initially made in a circular shape. Currently, they are also made in a long ring or saw shape. This kiln prevents heat loss to a large extent.

Tunnel kiln

The operation of this kiln is similar to drying brick tunnel. From the beginning of the tunnel, a wagon loaded with bricks enters the tunnel and cold bricks come out from the end of the tunnel. The fire center is located in the inner wall of the tunnel. The wagon loaded with bricks is pushed into the tunnel and gradually moves towards the fire center. The bricks gradually warm and partially bake, and when passing in front of the fire center, they are fully baked.

As the baked brick wagon approaches the end of the tunnel, cold air is blown onto it to absorb the heat of the bricks and cool them down. The cold air, passing over the bricks, becomes hot, and the side air draft of the fire center draws it and blows it towards the fire center.

The operation of the tunnel kiln is continuous, and very little heat is wasted. However, the cost of building the tunnel, laying rails, and the value of wagons are high. In places where electricity is cheap, the heat of this kiln can be provided by electrical energy.

To prevent the tunnel kiln from becoming too long, it is also made in two side pieces. In the first piece, the bricks are made and taken to the drying room by wagons to dry, warm, and heat up. Then wagons containing hot bricks are pushed into the second section to pass the heated bricks from the fire center and bake them.

Types of brick kilns

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