Filtration or physical purification is a separation process in which suspended solids, fine particles, and soluble contaminants in a liquid or gas are separated through a medium. This process occurs by passing the raw mixture through a filtering material or membrane that is uneven enough to intermittently hold larger particles and allow smaller ones to pass through.

Filtration is used as an effective process for purifying and cleaning liquids, air, and gases. Examples of filtration include the purification of municipal water, air treatment in air conditioning systems, and the use of filters in various industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and chemical industries.

The filtration process may be carried out using various filters, including sediment filters, activated carbon filters, membrane filters, and sand filters. Each type of filter is chosen based on the type of contamination and the liquid or gas being used.

Through filtration, solid particles, organic materials, microbes, and other contaminants are separated from liquids and gases, resulting in a cleaner and higher-quality output liquid or gas.

Types of Industrial Filtration | Types of Filtration

There are many different types of filtration, and depending on the filter type and the material used, they can include the following:

1. Sediment Filtration: This type of filtration uses filters with varied and diverse particle sizes, primarily made from polypropylene or nylon. These filters separate larger solids and can sometimes allow liquid flow through.

2. Activated Carbon Filtration: In this type of filtration, activated carbon filters are used to neutralize organic materials, odors, tastes, and colors present in liquids. Activated carbon filters have a honeycomb internal surface that adsorbs organic materials.

3. Membrane Filtration: In this type of filtration, membranes are used to separate particles and contaminants. Membranes are usually made from polymers or cellulose and are uneven enough to separate larger particles while allowing liquid or gas to pass through.

4. Sand Filtration: In this type of filtration, suspended particles and solids in the liquid are separated using layers of sand and gravel. The layers of sand and gravel are arranged with varying grain sizes to retain larger particles and allow liquid to flow through them.

Additionally, these are just a few examples of types of filtration, and in various industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and water and sewage, different types of filtration are also used.

Membrane Filtration

Membrane filtration or filtration using membranes is a separation method where uneven membranes are used to separate particles and contaminants from a solution or fluid. This type of filtration operates based on the size and properties of the particles present in the solution.

Membranes are typically made from synthetic or natural materials such as polymers, cellulose, polycarbonate, and other materials. Classification of membranes is based on their size and type of pores, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration membranes.

In membrane filtration, the contaminated fluid passes through the membrane and larger particles are captured by the membrane's pores. For example, in microfiltration membranes, particles larger than the membrane's pore size are separated. In contrast, in ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes, smaller particles are also separated, and this type of filtration is used as a highly effective method for removing organic materials, microbes, viruses, and nanoparticles.

Membrane filtration is used in various industries, including water and sewage, food industry, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and chemical industries.

What is filtration? And what is its application?

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