Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) commonly referred to as PVC and vinyl is not only used with the polymer reference but for all materials for which polyvinyl chloride is a constituent. PVC is a plastic with unlimited applications. Currently, it is one of the most valuable products in the petrochemical industry. Generally, more than 50% of PVC is used in construction because it is inexpensive and easily assembled.

In recent years, PVC has replaced traditional building materials such as wood, cement, and clay in many areas. Despite the emergence of an ideal material in construction, concerns still exist regarding the cost of PVC for the natural environment and human health. Common uses for PVC include vinyl siding, magnetic card labels, vertical window blinds, gramophone records which are the naming source for vinyl records, pipes, plumbing, ducts and fittings, inexpensive bags, dark (non-see-through) windows, and in its soft form for clothing, furniture, or interior fittings [Polyka pipe - PVC], such as curtains, flooring, ceiling construction, cable sheathing, lightweight play balls, etc. It is also commonly used for water and sewage piping due to its natural affordability and flexibility.

PVC is a hard plastic that can be made soft and flexible by adding plasticizers, with phthalates being its most common use. Prior to the 20th century, Russian chemist Ivan Ostromislensky and Fritz Klatte from the German chemical company Griesheim Elektron attempted to commercialize PVC, but problems in the process, hardness, and occasional polymer brittleness left their efforts fruitless. In 1926, Waldo Semon of B.F. Goodrich developed a method to soften PVC by mixing it with various additives. The result was a flexible material that easily participated in processes and soon became common in commercial uses.

In the late 1960s, Dr. John Gorrie and Dr. Morris Johnson were the first to clearly identify the carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride monomer for humans when they tested vinyl chloride polymerization workers at B.F. Goodrich. It is believed that most vinyl products are generally safe when used correctly, although some additives and plasticizers can leach from vinyl products. Even though PVC toys for infants have been made for years, there is concern that these additives can leach into the mouths of children who put them in their mouths.

When PVC products are burned or buried, they can release harmful substances. In January 2003, the European Union imposed a ban on 6 types of phthalate plasticizers in toys. In 2006, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission rejected a similar ban proposal in the United States. However, in the U.S., most companies voluntarily discontinued PVC toys for infants.

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