The Necessity of Using a Dryer in the Compressed Air Production Line

Most gases used in industry contain some moisture (water vapor), which can cause numerous problems in the compression system or the operation of industrial gases. On the other hand, ambient air before entering the compressor always contains some amount of water in the form of vapor. The operation of the compressor is such that the air or gas drawn into it experiences an increase in pressure and a decrease in volume. It is noteworthy that air and gas can be compressed, but the water vapor present in them cannot be compressed. Therefore, after going through the compression stages within the compressor, the volume of air decreases, but the volume of water inside does not change, and for this reason, the amount of water in terms of volume increases.

Furthermore, when a gas like air is compressed by a compressor, the pressure increases while the volume of the gas decreases, and in return, its temperature rises. The moisture present in the gas will, due to the elevated temperature of the gas exiting the compressor, be in the form of vapor. However, due to cooling the gas in interim and final coolers and reducing the gas temperature to ambient temperature or slightly above it, because of the decrease in gas volume, the moisture present per unit volume of gas exceeds saturation, and thus a significant portion of the moisture in the incoming gas condenses into liquid, which is separated from the gas by moisture traps and discharged outside through float valves. It is obvious that under these conditions, the gas exiting the final cooler is saturated, and if during the subsequent operation the environmental temperature conditions are lower than the dew point of the gas exiting the final cooler, this can lead to renewed condensation of moisture or even freezing under very cold environmental conditions (similar to the presence of moisture in refrigerants used in refrigeration systems, where if the refrigerant dryer does not function properly, the moisture in the expansion valve can freeze, causing blockage of the expansion valve or capillary tube).

The Result of the Presence of Water Vapors in the Compressed Air Production System

1- The presence of water vapor in the air and compressed gas flow inside the compressor can lead to corrosion, resulting in holes or damage to other devices and any process in the entire air compression system.

2- The presence of moisture in natural gases alongside acidic gases can lead to freezing and cause corrosion in gas transmission lines.

3- The introduction of water into the system can lead to contamination of products and processes, consequently reducing the quality of compressed air in important and critical applications.

4- The presence of moisture in the compressed air system can cause freezing, rusting, seizing, adverse effects on the lubrication system, failure of pneumatic system components, corrosion, etc.

For this reason, dehydration of gases is an unavoidable part of gas compression systems in industries, and every air compressor requires a dryer to dry the moisture present in air and gas to ensure the longevity of existing equipment.

Dryer

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